CRCAH Project No: IKCD337
Administering organisation
Flinders University
Project leader
Linnett Sanchez
Contact details
Linnett.Sanchez@flinders.edu.au
Team members
Karen Sparrow and Simon Carney of Flinders University; senior staff of the Anangu Education Service of the SA Department of Education and Children’s Services (DECS)
Funding source
Department of Health and Ageing (Commonwealth)
Partners involved
- Department of Health and Ageing
- Anangu Education Services (DECS)
- Flinders University
- 12 remote Aboriginal communities in SA's APY and Tjarutja Lands
- CRC for Aboriginal Health
This project was endorsed as an in-kind project of the CRCAH and the Lowitja Institute.
Project summary
The Flinders University Swimming Pool study investigated whether the use of swimming pools by school-age Indigenous children in remote semi-arid communities in central Australia results in the reduction and possible prevention of conductive hearing loss related to otitis media (OM) in these children.
Between 2009–2011, multiple clinical assessments of ear health and hearing—including ear, nose and throat (ENT) diagnoses—were conducted on 813 school age children. This allowed comparison of the results for children living in the four Anangu communities with a swimming pool to those for children living in the six communities without a pool. Many children were assessed on multiple occasions with 46 per cent of the children being assessed on at least three of the possible six occasions over the three year study period (2107 child assessments in total).
The study's results demonstrate that access to swimming pools does not result in improvement in any of three principal measured indices of hearing or ear health.
Additionally, in relation to the policy of 'no school, no pool', there is no evidence that access to a swimming pool results in improved school attendance. Further, results show previously undescribed seasonal differences in the prevalence of eardrum perforations in these Indigenous populations. These seasonal differences in prevalence occur in both Pool and Non-pool communities.
Our results contradict an earlier study in Western Australia that only investigated ear health in children in two communities with pools, and in no control communities, and claimed significant improvements to Indigenous children’s middle ear health from the use of swimming pools. This study did not recognise seasonal differences. Other Flinders SP study results show significant associations between dry eardrum perforation and hearing loss and age.
This research was funded by the Hearing Loss Prevention Program of the Department of Health and Ageing and conducted by Flinders University and its collaborating partner, the Anangu Education Service of the South Australian (SA) Department of Education and Child Development.
Please download the full report (PDF 1.5Mb) for this project, also listed below.
Timeline
The project started in 2009 and ran for three years through to the end of 2011 (completed).
Related publications/links
Pool policy 'no help to child ear disease', The Australian, 15 October 2012.
An evaluation of the benefits of swimming pools for the hearing and ear health of young Indigenous Australians: a whole of population study across multiple remote Indigenous communities: a report of the Department of Health and Ageing of the Commonwealth of Australia, August 2012.
Healthcare Planning and Evaluation, 2009, Evaluation of the Sustainability and Benefits of Swimming Pools in the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands (APY Lands) in South Australia. Final Report – de-identified (5 July), published online by the Department of Health and Ageing in March 2010.
Lehmann, D., Tennant, M., Silva, D., McAullay, D., Lanigan, F., Coates, H. & Stanley, F. 2003, ‘Benefits of Swimming Pools in Two Remote Aboriginal Communities in Western Australia: Intervention study’, British Medical Journal, vol. 327(7412), pp. 415–19.
'Can Swimming Pools Improve Indigenous Hearing?’, School of Medicine, Flinders University, 15 October 2008.
‘Evidence-based Initiatives – Impact of swimming pools’, The Anangu Lands Paper Tracker.